掌控决策流程：成功团队的全方位指南
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想想您合作过的最成功的团队，他们有什么共同之处？他们可能本着共同的愿景以及团队共识，开展良好的协作。他们可能看似毫不费力地做出了正确的决策。为了保证团队和项目成功，有效的决策至关重要。而这需要精心的准备、充足的信心和适当的工具。
Atlassian 使用 Confluence 作为知识管理工具，支持我们从头脑风暴直至最终决策归档的决策流程。
有效决策的重要意义
从项目到规划，做出有效的决策需要实践，而有效的决策可以为您的成功奠定基础。影响较小的快速决策有一定的灵活性，但影响较大的决策更难撤消，因此，您需要具备成功权衡选项、风险和机会的能力，而这种能力需要灵活调整和不断完善。
无论您选择哪种技巧、如何展现自己的领导风格，都需要获得整个团队的支持，并确保制定将来可以高效复制的明确流程，这一点同样至关重要。
决策技巧、风格和方法
了解自己的决策风格并不妨碍您做出明智的决定。我们都有一定程度上可信的个人直觉和职业直觉，但分析、研究和事实可为有效的决策提供支持。在 PwC 对高管人员开展的一次调研中，他们发现，数据驱动型组织在决策方面得到改善的可能性是那些对数据依赖程度较低的组织的三倍。
有无数的决策模型可以帮您做出明智的选择，而在寻找适当的技巧时，最终的决定因素是您的团队构成和您的领导风格。许多团队更喜欢 SWOT 分析，它会概述决策的优势、劣势、机会和威胁，从而准确衡量收益和风险。
1. End-to-end agile project management: Jira Software
Jira Software facilitates breaking complex projects into manageable sprints, so businesses can deliver continuous value to their customers through iterative development and project management. Whether tracking sprint tasks, customer issues, or bugs, Jira gives project managers the tools to map dependencies, identify roadblocks, and remain always current on status.
Jira Software natively integrates with Jira Work Management, allowing project managers to merge tasks from other areas, such as marketing, for a holistic view of the project. This allows teams to work the way they are accustomed to while standardizing project management across the company.
Combining Jira Software and Confluence creates a seamless end-to-end project management solution, enabling real-time collaboration, documentation, and efficient sharing of supporting information. Everything related to the project, such as roadmaps, specifications, user stories, customer input, and more remains accessible and discoverable during and after the project.
Together, Jira Software, Confluence, and Jira Work Management provide a complete solution with a variety of Jira and project management templates to help teams get started immediately.
While Jira Software is often used by software development teams, it’s also used across a variety of disciplines, including marketing, finance, legal, and more.
2. Cross-team visibility: Jira Work Management
Coordinating projects across multiple teams, like development and marketing, often highlights each discipline's unique work approach. Good project managers don't impose rigid structures but instead work within each team's processes.
Jira Work Management synchronizes tasks across the company to encompass all teams involved with a collaborative approach. Such work management solutions allow project managers to identify dependencies between business areas, manage resource allocation, and track tasks related to the project in one visual workflow. This engages and motivates the broader team for faster and more accurate results.
3. Knowledge management: Confluence
Every project generates supporting information that team members need to meet the goals. User stories, requirements, product specifications, and external details like integration information should all be easily accessible and linked to the project.
Confluence provides a central repository that brings knowledge management into the product development lifecycle.
4. Real-time communication: Slack
Slack offers instant access to team members all over the world for quick and efficient interactions. During customer meetings, it empowers team members to gather updates, ask questions, and find information without interrupting the flow of the meeting.
Slack also supports channels, which are groups of teams working on similar tasks or with similar skills, to enhance communication and maintain focus. Many remote teams find that Slack keeps them connected, fostering a sense of collaboration similar to working in the same office.
Slack integrates with Jira Software, allowing teams to set notifications on issues and tasks, tag team members, and capture discussions.
5. Project collaboration: Confluence
Confluence supports easy collaboration in one central repository for the project’s supporting information. During discovery, this includes customer feedback, roadmaps, and requirements. Once in progress, the product specification is critical for keeping the team focused. After the fact, during the project retrospective, the team can capture wins and identify opportunities for improvement.
With Confluence, team members can collaborate in real-time by creating and editing pages, adding images, code, and tables, and tagging others. Project managers can also link Jira tasks to Confluence documents, ensuring a single source of truth.
6. Task management automation: Jira Software
Real-time visual status updates make Jira Software an effective tool for task management, and with Jira automation, teams can focus on important things instead of busy work.
Its built-in templates allow teams to easily identify repetitive tasks and automate them. Anyone on the agile team can sync tasks across projects and products because it doesn't require coding. Jira automation also integrates with commonly used tools such as Slack, Bitbucket, and GitHub.
7. Online whiteboard and visual planning: Confluence
Confluence whiteboards give teams a collaborative space for brainstorming, visualizing, and turning ideas into actions in real-time or asynchronously. Features such as stamps, votes, timers, and more make it easy to share ideas and make collaborative decisions, even for remote teams. Teams can also connect decisions to Jira issues and other project areas without leaving the whiteboard.
8. Prioritization and roadmapping: Jira Product Discovery
Before teams can develop solutions, they must first define the product strategy and roadmap. Jira Product Discovery is a centralized tool for capturing and prioritizing ideas, aligning stakeholders, and building the roadmap.
With collaborative idea generation, teams can prioritize ideas based on impact versus effort, which supports Scrum activities such as backlog refinement and sprint planning. Jira Product Discovery includes templates for end-to-end product development, including strategy and roadmaps, requirements, and task tracking—all of which are customizable.
9. Async video messaging: Loom
Asynchronous communication allows team members to stay focused on the work until a natural break is available to receive updates and new information. Project managers are careful to update the team when it makes the most sense for each member.
Loom lets project managers turn non-urgent information into videos that team members can fit into their own schedules. With today’s geographically dispersed teams, it allows everyone to remain informed, no matter what time zone they work in.
决策流程中应该采取的步骤
在决策时，您需要采取的第一步行动就是确定您的团队需要解决的问题。创建一个 Confluence 页面，从中可以直观展示问题，以及负责解决问题的人员。清楚阐明问题有助于确保每个人都了解自己需要制定什么决策，原因是什么。这个问题会产生怎样的影响？哪些目标能证实您的解决方案取得了成功？
然后，将问题分解开来。收集信息和数据，确定导致问题或妨碍解决方案的原因。这可能包括市场研究、公司数据、个人洞察信息和热门新闻。制作一张表格，简要列出潜在解决方案的风险和收益，帮助您的团队提前做好准备。
鼓励您的团队尽早查看这份概况并提供反馈，这样他们就能找出缺漏、差距或阻碍，随后您可以充实问题的细节。他们还有可能为您的研究做出贡献，提供您之前未想到的进一步见解。
评估团队的选择，并使用一种框架制定决策。您可能需要集体努力或进一步评估，此时就是框架的用武之地。您可能会发现，您提出的原始框架（比如 SWOT 分析）不够全面，无法得出您需要的解决方案。鼓励您的团队出谋划策，共同确定合适的框架，这将有助于提高决策的透明度，并明确他们的工作量。
在制定决策后，通过 Trello 或 Jira Work Management 之类的项目管理工具来实施、测试和监控。坚持在 Confluence 中记录进度，以便将来可以参考它来复制这一次的表现，或迭代进步。
决策流程中应该采取的步骤
热门决策框架
DACI：使用此框架与团队合作，共同做出群组决策，进而确定流程中的角色，包括推动者、审批者、贡献者和已告知人员。使用数据和背景知识来帮助支持决策。
问题界定：与您的团队一起确定问题陈述，以易于理解和协作的方式概述一个简明的问题解决方案。这有助于您集中精力理解和定义问题，同时使团队在方法上保持一致。然后，您可以召集一组精选的利益相关者来做出正确的决策。
权衡：有时，做出正确的决策意味着要有所妥协。为了做出正确的决策，您要在哪些方面妥协？项目启动之前，与您的团队一起，确定限制因素、障碍和优先级，以便提前做好决策准备，应对可能出现的障碍。
目标和关键成果 (OKR)：在做出决策时要牢记目标。OKR 专为持续发展而设计，可以起到“北极星”的作用，让您在项目期间做出各个决策时保持正确方向。