摘要：敏捷工作流程是敏捷团队用于开发应用的一系列阶段，从构思到完成。
每个软件团队都有一个用来完成工作的流程。对这个流程进行规范化（即，将其建立为工作流），使其结构清晰且可重复，进而具有可扩展性。在 Atlassian，我们采用迭代方法来管理工作流，因为这可帮助我们更快实现目标，体现出我们的团队文化。我们是敏捷开发工作流管理方面的专家（如果我们夸一夸自己的话），而且我们也希望帮助您成为专家。
敏捷工作流程入门
在为团队实施工作流时，始终从简单着手。抵制住花数周时间（过度）设计它的诱惑。过于复杂的工作流很难理解和采用，更不用说适应调整了。对于软件团队来说，我们建议采用以下基本工作流状态：
Types of workflows
一些软件团队将其他状态纳入到其工作流中，帮助他们更精确地跟踪工作状态。
The importance of Agile workflows in project management
在团队回顾期间讨论各个痛点，并且牢记一点，每个团队的价值观略有不同，取决于他们的项目、技术堆栈和偏爱的工作方法。因此，选择具有灵活工作流配置的事务跟踪器非常重要。令人沮丧的是，许多团队为了适应特定工具集而在工作风格上让步妥协。这可能会导致团队成员彻底避免使用该工具，加剧整个团队的挫败感，并且造成普遍的严重破坏。一旦士气下降，生产力就会受到影响。而这是所有人都想避开的双重打击！
Phases of an effective project management workflow
当您熟悉基本工作流程并准备好转变为敏捷流程时，可以为团队流程中的每一工作类型创建状态。构思、设计、开发、代码审查和测试是不同的职能，可以是单独的状态。瞄准一组精益状态，清晰传达每项工作所处的阶段。
针对敏捷流程进行优化
项目状态也可与组织的其他团队共享。在构建敏捷流程时，思考哪些指标对报告而言是重要的，哪些指标又是非团队成员或许有兴趣了解的。例如，精心设计的工作流程能够回答以下问题：
Define project goals
优化工作流的下一步是确保工作在工作流中平稳流动。进行中工作 (WIP) 限制规定了特定工作流状态下事务的最小和最大数量，确保每个状态都有足够的工作，让团队既能得到充分利用，又不会因为忙于处理优先事项而失去重心。执行 WIP 限制能够很快显示哪些流程会减慢工作在整个管道中的总体流动速度。随着团队学会围绕其 WIP 限制进行优化，产出也会得到提高。（如需更多详细信息，请参阅有关 WIP 限制的文章。）
扩展敏捷流程所面临的挑战
拥有多个敏捷团队的组织面临着特殊的工作流挑战。团队通常希望优化自己的工作流，以体现出独特的流程和文化。这完全可以理解。但是，如果不同团队在处理同一个项目时采用不同的流程，这可能会令人头疼。
Assign tasks and responsibilities
无论工作流是什么样的，它的开发过程也应该是敏捷的。不时在回顾期间加以讨论，并随着团队文化和组成的变化而进行调整。
Create a timeline and schedule
Build a detailed timeline with clear deadlines and dependencies. Highlight all known and anticipated potential conflicts or delays.
Monitor progress and adjust
Ensure you have effective workflows and processes to monitor progress, identify issues, and make necessary adjustments to keep your project on track. Where possible and appropriate, include steps that support continuous improvement efforts.
Workflow best practices
Effective workflows enable you to automate and standardize multiple project management tasks and processes. Jira’s automation capabilities can help streamline workflows and supercharge your processes by removing bottlenecks and scaling project operations, making project management more efficient and consistent at your company. You can further enhance the value of your workflows with these best practices:
- Keep things simple. Complex processes are difficult to grasp, implement, and adjust. Here are some recommended workflow states:
- To do: This is for work waiting to begin.
- In progress: The team is working on these items.
- Code review: Finished work awaits review.
- Done: These tasks meet the team's definition of done.
- Awaiting QA: This category is for implemented work and is awaiting a tester review.
- Ready to merge: This is reviewed code that is ready to merge into the main or release branch.
Each state in the workflow doesn't need to be handled by a different person. As an Agile team matures, developers handle more and more of the work, from design to delivery. An autonomous team that can handle heterogeneous work is one of the hallmarks of agility.
- Communicate clearly. Establish frequent, regular communication with your teams. Encourage them to share any information that could affect their ability to keep their effort on track.
- Engage stakeholders. Stakeholders affected by your projects can also affect those efforts. Keep them engaged throughout each project journey, encourage their support, and address their concerns quickly and credibly.
- Improve continuously. Gather feedback from developers and stakeholders. Take careful note of what went well and anything that did not. Use that information to drive incremental adjustments and improvements to those outcomes, workflows, and processes.
Optimize project management workflows with Jira
Effective workflows can provide a firm, flexible foundation for consistently successful Agile development projects and progress toward continuous improvement and delivery. Well-crafted processes can help you and your teams develop, execute, and manage those workflows and maximize their benefits to your business.
Jira workflows can help you and your teams optimize your Agile project management. Jira facilitates task tracking, team collaboration, issue management, and reporting and supports Agile and other project management methodologies.