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What is a PEST analysis?

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Creating a great product isn’t enough to succeed in the business world — you need to have a plan for the future. It’s essential to use data and research to identify trends and determine how they relate to or impact your business. Armed with that knowledge, you can lay out a plan to protect your business against potential threats and remain flexible.

A PEST analysis is one of the best ways to get a complete overview of the external factors that impact your business. Whether you run a local business or a massive corporation, changes in politics, the economy, social climate, and technology significantly impact your business. These factors play a key role in decision-making by helping you identify threats and weaknesses.

Whether you’re just starting a business or trying to master strategic planning, a PEST analysis is a great way to get ahead. Learn more about the definition of PEST analysis, why it’s essential, and how you can conduct a PEST analysis to drive your business decisions.

Understanding PEST analysis

A PEST analysis is a type of analysis that looks at political, economic, social, and technological factors that impact your business. When a significant change in the economy or new technology emerges, it can lead to new opportunities and threats for your business. A PEST analysis helps you identify those potential opportunities and threats so you can take advantage of them during the project planning stage.

PEST analysis vs SWOT analysis

PEST and SWOT analyses may seem similar, but there are a few key differences. A PEST analysis focuses on external factors, while SWOT considers both internal and external factors. PEST analyzes political, economic, social, and technological influences, while SWOT examines a business's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

Why is PEST analysis important?

Understanding how to conduct a PEST analysis is vital in an ever-changing world. Think about how businesses operated 20 years ago and everything that has changed, from consumer habits to technology.

Without a PEST analysis, you simply hope the world changes in a way that favors your business. However, with a PEST analysis, you can better understand how the world might change and how that could impact your business so you can create an action plan to prepare for the future.

For example, your PEST analysis might show the importance of adopting new technology early on. Conversely, you might learn that the threats presented by new technology mean it’s better to be a late adopter.

Key components of PEST analysis

To conduct a PEST analysis, you must first understand its key components. Understanding these factors is essential to stay ahead of potential challenges and opportunities.

Factores políticos

A shift in the political climate can have significant implications for all types of businesses, and the political climate is constantly changing. For example, new government leadership can change regulations and consumer habits. Leadership changes can also lead to changes in consumer protection laws and foreign trade and policy, which has a massive impact on international businesses.

Even something as simple as a period of political unrest can seriously affect your business. A strategic planning framework helps you prepare for potential shifts in politics and laws.

Factores económicos

Whether you’re a consumer or a business owner, every economic change significantly impacts your life. The economy's overall health can determine your business's potential success, with factors like inflation and rising unemployment making it harder for business owners to protect their bottom line.

Many businesses scale down operations when the economy is in poor health or inflation is high. As demand for products falls, so does production.

Factores sociales

With the internet and social media, social movements are stronger than ever. Shifts in consumer behavior and cultural attitudes can affect your business in several ways, and in the information age, those shifts happen quickly.

Changes in populations and demographics are also essential to consider. The population's average age naturally shifts, changing the demand for various products and services. If your demographic grows, you must increase production to meet higher demand.

Factores tecnológicos

It seems like we’re constantly discovering groundbreaking technology, and that technology can benefit your business in several ways. However, technological changes can also introduce new threats and potential business risks. For example, cloud services are efficient and affordable, but cloud security can be challenging.

Understanding technological factors and how they impact your business is a key part of project collaboration. When your IT, sales, and executive teams focus on correctly implementing technology, cyber threats are less of a concern.

Benefits of PEST analysis

Just because you understand your brand doesn’t mean you know it in the context of your industry or the market as a whole. A PEST analysis gives you deeper insights into your brand and everything that impacts it, which can help with everything from project management to risk mitigation.

An effective PEST analysis provides the information necessary to mitigate risks proactively, make better decisions, and create a strategy that accounts for future changes.

When to use PEST analysis

Conducting a PEST analysis allows you to learn more about your business and use that information to make decisions about your brand, its products, and the future. A PEST analysis can help you identify and mitigate risks in the early stages if you're starting a new business.

A PEST analysis can also be helpful if you’re developing a new product or moving into an untapped market. By understanding what affects your industry and setting goals you can work toward, you can create a simple roadmap for success.

How to conduct a PEST analysis

While you don’t need special tools to conduct a PEST analysis, brainstorming and collaboration tools like Confluence whiteboards can help. Here is how to conduct a PEST analysis in a few simple steps:

Identify the external factors

Once you’ve set goals you can define and measure, it’s time to start gathering data. You can research market trends, recent changes in government policies, trends in consumer behavior, and recent technological advancements. Use as many sources as possible to discover new information, including government stats, industry reports, expert interviews, and market research. The more data you collect, the better.

Análisis de los datos recopilados

Esta es una etapa compleja en la que puede ser de gran ayuda colaborar en los proyectos. Una vez que has investigado e identificado los factores externos, tienes que determinar cómo afectan a tu empresa. ¿Perdería capacidad competitiva si no adoptas nuevas tecnologías? Si las adoptas, ¿supondrán una amenaza para tu empresa? Responder a preguntas sencillas como éstas puede ayudarte a comprender cómo puede verse afectada tu empresa.

Priorización de las conclusiones clave

Cuando hayas terminado de analizar tus datos, prioriza las conclusiones clave que podrían afectar significativamente a tu empresa. Por ejemplo, podrías descubrir que la inflación afectará negativamente a tu empresa si no planificas en consecuencia. Otras empresas podrían determinar que ciertos factores tecnológicos son los que tienen un efecto más significativo. Averigua qué es imprescindible para tu empresa y anótalo.

Desarrollo de estrategias prácticas

El último paso consiste en aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos en el análisis PEST para elaborar un plan de acción. El objetivo de esta estrategia práctica es minimizar los efectos negativos de los factores políticos, económicos, sociales y tecnológicos. Hacer un análisis PEST anual te permitirá prepararte de cara al futuro.

Ejemplo de análisis PEST

Consultar un ejemplo de análisis PEST puede ayudarte a comprender mejor cómo se utiliza este tipo de análisis para tomar decisiones empresariales. En este ejemplo, veremos un análisis PEST de una empresa tecnológica:

  • Factor político: la empresa se beneficia de las políticas de libre comercio, pero los conflictos comerciales suponen una posible amenaza.
  • Factor económico: la falta de ingresos disponibles constituye una amenaza, pero el rápido crecimiento económico de los países en desarrollo ofrece oportunidades.
  • Factor social: las opiniones negativas de los consumidores han alterado la percepción de la marca.
  • Factor tecnológico: el hecho de que los competidores innoven y desarrollen nuevas tecnologías supone un reto.

La empresa se mantiene a la vanguardia innovando continuamente y prestando apoyo a programas sociales para mejorar la percepción del público. A medida que crecen los países en desarrollo, la empresa amplía su alcance, lo que se traduce en un aumento de las ventas.

Optimización de los análisis PEST con Confluence

¿Quieres saber más sobre tu empresa y sector para poder prepararte mejor de cara al futuro? Llevar a cabo un análisis PEST es un gran punto de partida. Los análisis PEST ayudan a las empresas a identificar y organizar los factores externos que afectan a su negocio, y seguir las prácticas recomendadas para la colaboración en los proyectos garantiza que el proceso sea eficiente y eficaz.

Con Confluence, es muy fácil poner a todo el mundo en sintonía. Puedes usar las pizarras de Confluence para hacer una lluvia de ideas sobre factores externos y trabajar con tus compañeros de equipo en tiempo real a fin de determinar cómo afectan esos factores a la empresa. También puedes insertar páginas en las pizarras de Confluence para ofrecer más contexto y mejorar la colaboración en los proyectos. Con las funciones de colaboración de Confluence, puedes agilizar tus análisis y tomar mejores decisiones que impulsen tu negocio.

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