Git commands
git add
Moves changes from the working directory to the staging area. This gives you the opportunity to prepare a snapshot before committing it to the official history.
Related Tutorials
Saving changes: git add Learn Git with Bitbucket Cloud: Copy your Git repository and add files Using Branches: git merge Inspecting a repository: git statusgit branch
This command is your general-purpose branch administration tool. It lets you create isolated development environments within a single repository.
Related Tutorials
Using Branches: git branch Using Branches: git checkout Using Branches: git merge Learn Git with Bitbucket Cloud: Use a Git branch to merge a filegit checkout
In addition to checking out old commits and old file revisions, git checkout is also the means to navigate existing branches. Combined with the basic Git commands, it’s a way to work on a particular line of development.
Related Tutorials
Using Branches: git checkout Undoing Changes: git checkout Comparing Workflows: Gitflow Workflowgit clean
Removes untracked files from the working directory. This is the logical counterpart to git reset, which (typically) only operates on tracked files.
Related Tutorials
Undoing Changes: git cleangit clone
Creates a copy of an existing Git repository. Cloning is the most common way for developers to obtain a working copy of a central repository.
Related Tutorials
Git LFS Comparing Workflows: Forking Workflow Setting up a repository: git clonegit commit
Takes the staged snapshot and commits it to the project history. Combined with git add, this defines the basic workflow for all Git users.
Related Tutorials
Using Branches: git merge Rewriting history: git commit --amend Learn Git with Bitbucket Cloud: Copy your Git repository and add files Saving changes: git addgit commit --amend
Passing the --amend flag to git commit lets you amend the most recent commit. This is very useful when you forget to stage a file or omit important information from the commit message.
Related Tutorials
Rewriting history: git commit --amendgit config
A convenient way to set configuration options for your Git installation. You’ll typically only need to use this immediately after installing Git on a new development machine.
Related Tutorials
Setting up a repository: git config Git LFS Install Git: Install Git on Mac OS X Install Git: Install Git on Linuxgit fetch
Fetching downloads a branch from another repository, along with all of its associated commits and files. But, it doesn't try to integrate anything into your local repository. This gives you a chance to inspect changes before merging them with your project.
Related Tutorials
Syncing: git fetch Refs and the Reflog: Refspecs Syncing: git pullgit init
Initializes a new Git repository. If you want to place a project under revision control, this is the first command you need to learn.
Related Tutorials
Setting up a repository: git initgit log
Lets you explore the previous revisions of a project. It provides several formatting options for displaying committed snapshots.
Related Tutorials
Inspecting a repository: git log Advanced Git log: Filtering the Commit History Advanced Git log: Formatting Log Output Advanced Git Tutorials: Overviewgit merge
A powerful way to integrate changes from divergent branches. After forking the project history with git branch, git merge lets you put it back together again.
Related Tutorials
Merging vs. Rebasing: Workflow Walkthrough Using Branches: git merge Comparing Workflows: Gitflow Workflow Merging vs. Rebasing: Conceptual Overviewgit pull
Pulling is the automated version of git fetch. It downloads a branch from a remote repository, then immediately merges it into the current branch. This is the Git equivalent of svn update.
Related Tutorials
Syncing: git pull Comparing Workflows: Centralized Workflow Git LFS Comparing Workflows: Forking Workflowgit push
Pushing is the opposite of fetching (with a few caveats). It lets you move a local branch to another repository, which serves as a convenient way to publish contributions. This is like svn commit, but it sends a series of commits instead of a single changeset.
Related Tutorials
Syncing: git push Refs and the Reflog: Refspecs Comparing Workflows: Gitflow Workflow Git LFSgit rebase
Rebasing lets you move branches around, which helps you avoid unnecessary merge commits. The resulting linear history is often much easier to understand and explore.
Related Tutorials
Merging vs. Rebasing: Workflow Walkthrough Rewriting history: git rebase -i Merging vs. Rebasing: Conceptual Overview Rewriting history: git rebasegit rebase -i
The -i flag is used to begin an interactive rebasing session. This provides all the benefits of a normal rebase, but gives you the opportunity to add, edit, or delete commits along the way.
Related Tutorials
Rewriting history: git rebase -igit reflog
Git keeps track of updates to the tip of branches using a mechanism called reflog. This allows you to go back to changesets even though they are not referenced by any branch or tag.
Related Tutorials
Rewriting history: git refloggit remote
A convenient tool for administering remote connections. Instead of passing the full URL to the fetch, pull, and push commands, it lets you use a more meaningful shortcut.
Related Tutorials
Syncing: git remotegit reset
Undoes changes to files in the working directory. Resetting lets you clean up or completely remove changes that have not been pushed to a public repository.
Related Tutorials
Undoing Changes: git reset Reset, Checkout, and Revert: Commit-level Operation Reset, Checkout, and Revert: File-level Operations Undoing Changes: git cleangit revert
Undoes a committed snapshot. When you discover a faulty commit, reverting is a safe and easy way to completely remove it from the code base.
Related Tutorials
Undoing Changes: git revert Reset, Checkout, and Revert: Commit-level Operation Reset, Checkout, and Revert: Summarygit status
Displays the state of the working directory and the staged snapshot. You’ll want to run this in conjunction with git add and git commit to see exactly what’s being included in the next snapshot.
